Ultrasonic Testing Level 1 Practice Test

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• Which of the following factors contributes to attenuation?
• The boundary between two materials with different acoustic properties is called
• How does temperature affect UT measurements and calibration?
• Which term describes the number of cycles that occur per second in an ultrasonic wave?
• Increasing damping in a transducer crystal primarily reduces which phenomenon, leading to improved resolution?
• What term describes the gradual loss of acoustical energy as sound travels through the test material?
• The number of complete waves passing a fixed point per second is referred to as
• What best describes a multi-echo signal in UT and its cause?
• Piezoelectricity is the property of a material to
• Damping material is bonded to the rear of the transducer crystal to do what?
• Which of the following converts electrical energy to ultrasonic energy
• Which statement about UT wave types is correct?
• What is the UT near-surface 'dead zone' and how can it be minimized?
• Sound beam intensity is irregular in the area called:
• In ultrasonic testing, the couplant is used primarily to achieve what?
• All other factors being equal, which mode of vibration has the greatest velocity?
• Beam spread and attenuation are measured in the:
• Why is a reference reflector important in flaw sizing?
• Which combination of wave modes propagate through solids?
• The most commonly used method of producing shear waves in a test part when inspecting by the immersion technique is:
• The longitudinal incident angle that results in the formation of a surface wave is the which angle?
• How does transducer frequency affect UT penetration and resolution?
• How is wavelength calculated?
• What units are commonly used to express UT echo amplitude?
• In a homogeneous material, the velocity of shear waves compared to longitudinal waves is approximately
• What is the basic procedure for a simple straight-beam thickness measurement in a plate?
• A more highly damped transducer crystal results in which of the following?
• Which angle is associated with the formation of a surface wave at the interface?
• Which item is not part of the SNT-TC-1A qualification process?
• How can UT differentiate between lack of fusion and porosity?
• What is a likely consequence of using higher frequency transducers besides better resolution and increased sensitivity?
• Which of the following factors influence the quality of the probe-to-surface coupling?
• The ability to detect and display an echo from a small reflector is called?
• What is acoustic impedance and how does impedance mismatch affect reflected amplitude?
• Which type(s) of sound wave modes will propagate through liquids?
• In UT, how do P-waves differ from S-waves?
• Rayleigh waves are surface waves with particle motion that is
• How can you distinguish between a true flaw signal and surface roughness or tooling marks?
• Why is orientation important when inspecting with UT?
• The upper limit of human hearing is normally considered to be about
• What could cause a weak or missing back-wall echo?
• What is a typical characteristic of A-scan data?
• What is signal-to-noise ratio and why is it important in UT?
• Piezoelectricity refers to the ability of a material to:
• Greater sensitivity will be achieved when using a higher frequency transducer
• Which items are typically documented to report UT inspection results?
• Which UT display shows echo amplitude versus time (depth)?
• What is the purpose of collecting A-scans at key positions during weld inspection with angle-beam UT?
• When a longitudinal wave is incident on an inclined interface at angles between 0 and the first critical angle, what is produced in the second material?
• Which material property is listed as a contributor to attenuation?
• If attenuation increases, what happens to the signal amplitude?
• Why are decibels commonly used to express UT amplitude?
• An ultrasonic wave in which particle displacements are in the same directions as wave propagation is called?
• Beam divergence in an ultrasonic crystal is primarily determined by which factors?
• Normal contact ultrasonic testing is performed using which frequency range?
• What is the purpose of a couplant in ultrasonic testing?
• What does a typical back-wall echo indicate in a defect-free region?
• In angle beam ultrasonic testing, how does the refracted energy respond when the incidence angle is varied?
• Higher frequency transducers produce which of the following?
• What does a wedge angle determine in ultrasonic testing?
• What is a typical sensitivity adjustment practice during Level 1 calibration?
• The process of sound propagating by back and forth movement of particles within the medium is called what?
• The speed of sound in a material depends on which properties of the material?
• The second critical angle is defined as the longitudinal incident angle that results in what for the refracted transverse wave?
• The amount of sound energy reflected from a discontinuity will depend on discontinuity size, shape and orientation
• In an A-scan display, what does the vertical deflection represent?
• Define near-surface dead zone and strategies to mitigate it.
• Non-contact transducers generally exhibit
• A standard block which may be used to calibrate an instrument for an angle beam test is:
• In ultrasonics, what is the velocity used to express the rate at which sound waves pass through a material?
• The ultrasonic beam consists of two different zones or fields called the:
• All three phenomena can occur at an interface?
• Ultrasound is
• A question about front-surface effects on rough surfaces: A widening of the front-surface indication is caused by what phenomenon?
• What is the purpose of the transducer matching layer in UT?
• Which action best confirms proper probe alignment during straight-beam testing?
• Name the three primary UT display formats and a key use for each.
• Beam spread and attenuation are measured in which region of the ultrasonic beam?
• Which term best describes waves that travel along the surface of a solid and have their highest amplitudes near the surface?
• An ultrasonic wave in which particle displacements are normal (perpendicular) to the direction of propagation is called a
• The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called:
• Which items are typically included in a UT inspection report?
• Which component provides short duration, high energy pulses used to excite the transducer?
• What is a limitation of UT regarding flaw orientation and geometry?
• Which mounting method is commonly used for curved surfaces or complex geometries?
• Describe a method to measure weld throat thickness using UT.
• Angle beam sensitivity can be established using a feature of what size on the IIW reference block?
• What are the most common modes of sound vibration in ultrasonic testing?
• Which UT data artifact is caused by overload?
• How is material velocity used in UT thickness measurements?
• Which circuit provides timing signals to the pulser?
• At a fixed frequency, increasing the transducer diameter will result in which change to the beam?
• What does the time-of-flight measurement represent in UT?
• What safety and standardization considerations apply to Level 1 UT work?
• An ultrasonic instrument control used to expand or contract the horizontal base line of an A-scan display is called?
• The purpose of a couplant is to match impedances between the transducer and test object
• How would you detect a through-wall crack in a weld using UT?
• The angle of a refracted transverse wave depends on which property across the interface?
• What is a benefit of using immersion fluids such as water in UT?
• When testing a thick plate with longitudinal waves, changing frequency has what effect on the speed of sound in the plate?
• Which UT display provides a two-dimensional cross-section of the inspected area?
• An ultrasonic instrument control that moves an A-scan display left or right without changing the distance between indications is called?
• Acoustic impedance is determined by the product of material density and what property?
• What is the most useful range of incident longitudinal wave angles for angle beam ultrasonic testing?
• What is recommended to verify measurements during calibration after establishing velocity and a DAC curve?
• Which ultrasonic testing method is generally best for detecting discontinuities oriented along the fusion zone in a welded plate?
• Which expression represents the distance from the transducer face to the beam's focus?
• What is a common impact of rough or irregular surface conditions on UT detection?
• A larger diameter crystal results in less beam spread
• What is the primary effect of the rectification control on the displayed waveform?
• What is the primary purpose of a coupling medium in ultrasonic testing?
• What is a likely effect of a rough test part surface on the ultrasonic signal?
• What is the effect of damping in a transducer on UT signals?
• Angle beam sensitivity established using IIW block by maximizing reflection from the hole
• Two crystal elements, one a transmitter and one a receiver, mounted in a common case but separated by a sound barrier are called
• What is the name of the relationship (Sin a)/(Sin B)=(V1)/(V2) between the incident and refracted angles and wave speeds?
• Refracted energy will change direction when which quantity is changed?
• What is the main effect of high attenuation on UT signal quality?
• The ability to separate echoes from reflectors close together in depth is called:
• In contact testing, what may occur if the UT instrument is set with an excessively high pulse repetition rate?
• Which of the following can be sources of non-relevant ultrasonic signals?
• Which factor primarily limits penetration depth in UT?
• The purpose of the rectification control on an UT instrument is to ____________
• Which of the following is a standard method used to verify instrument accuracy in UT?
• What is the typical sequence of steps when performing a weld inspection with angle-beam UT?
• In UT sizing, what does a DAC curve relate?
• The angle of reflection is
• Area amplitude blocks are reference standards used in UT to verify which aspect of the measurement?
• In ultrasonic testing, which control adjusts the horizontal baseline of the A-scan display?
• In ultrasonic testing, the region of the beam that is still converging and the diameter is decreasing is called the:
• In ultrasonics, the term used to express the rate at which sound waves pass through a material is
• Which block is commonly used to calibrate an instrument for angle beam testing?
• Which of the following flaw types are commonly detectable by UT?
• Between the first and second critical angles, which waves are produced in the second material?
• Which UT display format is best for mapping reflectivity across a surface area?
• Gain and dynamic range in UT receivers affect which of the following?
• Snell's Law relates the incident angle, the refracted angle, and which property of the two media?
• Which of the following is NOT a source of non-relevant ultrasonic signals?
• Which statement about wedge angle is true?
• How would you identify a flaw from a multi-echo response?
• In UT, the region where beam spread and attenuation are assessed is called the far field.
• Which UT method is typically preferred when better coupling and geometry access are needed?
• List the main steps in performing a weld inspection with angle-beam UT.
• To achieve greater depth of penetration in coarse-grained materials, which frequency should be used?
• To maximize detection of small flaws near the surface, which transducer characteristic is most suitable?
• If the incident angle is zero, what is the refracted angle according to Snell's Law?
• Beam spread and attenuation are measured in the:
• What is a reference reflector and how is it used during UT calibration?
• Fluid properties influence which aspects of UT signals?
• Why are angle-beam inspections performed with a wedge?
• Reference standards containing a series of flat bottom holes of the same diameter at different depths in each block are called:
• Which UT data artifact is most associated with multipath reflections?
• Compare contact and immersion UT methods.
• The amount of energy reflected from a discontinuity depends on which factors?
• A widening of the front surface indication when testing a rough surface is caused by?
• Which statement best describes calibration?
• Which of the following materials is commonly used to produce piezoelectric crystals for ultrasonic transducers?
• What is back-wall echo and how is it used in UT thickness measurements?
• The portion of a test object represented by the CRT screen from zero to the right most edge of the initial pulse is called:
• Acoustical impedance is determined by the the product of material density and
• Which UT display provides a plan view of reflectivity over an area?
• Compared to piezoelectric contact transducers, non-contact transducers display
• Reference standards containing a series of flat bottom holes of different diameters at the same depth in each block are called
• What criterion indicates a good plan view reflection in a C-scan?
• Which of the following describes a good plan view reflection in a C-scan?
• What is the term for the point at which the ultrasonic beam begins to diverge, located a distance of (D^2)/(4λ) from the transducer face?
• At a given frequency, a smaller diameter transducer produces which type of beam?
• What is a DAC curve and why is it used in UT?
• An instrument display in which the horizontal baseline represents elapsed time and the vertical deflection represents signal amplitude is called:
• What is a DAC curve used for in UT thickness measurements?
• Describe a typical procedure to determine material velocity for UT calibration.
• What is a potential consequence if velocity calibration is incorrect during UT?
• Sound waves which travel on the surface of a solid in a manner similar to waves on a water surface are called
• Prior to physically verifying the actual refracted beam angle of a search unit, the ______ must be determined.
• When testing a thick plate using longitudinal waves, a change in frequency will result in what for sound velocity?
• Which wave modes propagate through solids?
• At an interface which may occur when ultrasonic wave strikes?
• When a longitudinal wave is refracted at 90 degrees, the incident angle is called
• Outline a simple calibration plan for thickness measurement in a new material.
• In straight-beam thickness measurement, how is thickness calculated?
• Damping/backing material bonded to the rear of the transducer crystal is used to
• What are the two zones or fields into which the ultrasonic beam is divided?
• If the velocity of the test material is not the same as the velocity of the reference standard, which statement is true?
• As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the length of the Fresnel zone ...?
• Which statement best describes how frequency affects defect detection sensitivity in ultrasonic testing?
• Which UT data representations provide echo amplitude and depth information used to size planar flaws?
• In ultrasonic testing, as frequency increases, what happens to the Fresnel zone length?
• Which materials can be used to produce piezoelectric crystals?
• How do you calculate thickness from time-of-flight measurements?
• How can planar flaw size be estimated from UT data?
• How would you calibrate a UT instrument for a material with unknown velocity?
• Distinguish between the near field and far field of an ultrasonic beam.
• Wavelength is
• In the same material, shear wave velocity is approximately
• Which of the following best defines the distance between successive crests of a wave?